Satoshi's accounts and keys
From Satoshipedia, the Satoshi Mail encyclopedia
Satoshi used several accounts, mostly through services that did not require a real identity.
- satoshi@anonymousspeech.com: his earliest address, used to write to Adam Back and Wei Dai in August 2008.
- satoshi@vistomail.com: used to announce the white paper on the Cryptography list, bitcoin-list, and his emails with Hal Finney and Dustin Trammell.
- satoshin@gmx.com: used from 2009 with Martti Malmi, Mike Hearn and Gavin Andresen. It is the address printed on the white paper at bitcoin.org.[1]
The archive's private emails show the split:
| Address | Emails | Used with | Dates |
|---|---|---|---|
| satoshi@anonymousspeech.com | 3 | Adam Back, Wei Dai | 20 August 2008 – 22 August 2008 |
| satoshi@vistomail.com | 38 | Adam Back, Dustin Trammell, Hal Finney, Nicholas Bohm | 9 January 2009 – 4 March 2009 |
| satoshin@gmx.com | 176 | Martti Malmi, Mike Hearn, Nicholas Bohm, Other email | 30 January 2009 – 26 April 2011 |
Live, interactive version: open in Satoshi Mail.
Accounts and keys
He posted as satoshi on BitcoinTalk, committed as s_nakamoto on SourceForge, and kept a profile on the P2P Foundation site. He published a PGP public key in 2008.[2] He also held the network alert key, which he passed to Gavin Andresen in April 2011 (the email).
In September 2014 his P2P Foundation account was compromised through an email hack.[3]
See also
References
- Satoshi Nakamoto, Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System, bitcoin.org.
- nakamoto-archive, “Complete archive of Satoshi Nakamoto's writings and productions”, GitHub. The README lists each source file with its origin, date and SHA-256 hash.
- The Complete Satoshi, Satoshi Nakamoto Institute.
Primary sources
The messages and commits this article draws on, in Satoshi Mail and where they were first published.
- Email to Gavin Andresen, Single emails to Gavin Andresen, Jon Matonis and Laszlo Hanyecz, 26 April 2011. Original source
Published by Tyler Howell for Satoshi Mail. Written with AI assistance from the sources listed above and checked against them. Last updated 22 October 2026. Spotted an error? Email itstylerhowell@gmail.com (how articles are made).
Categories: Satoshi Nakamoto